[171][172], District councils are chiefly responsible for waste management and construction projects within their respective districts. The high population growth mirrors an urbanization trend across the country, as the second and third fastest-growing OECD metropolises are the Turkish cities of Izmir and Ankara. 2.23M. [50][51] Constantinople's location also ensured its existence would stand the test of time; for many centuries, its walls and seafront protected Europe against invaders from the east and the advance of Islam. Due to its initial status as Turkey's only club, Beikta occasionally represented the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic in international sports competitions, earning the right to place the Turkish flag inside its team logo. WebIstanbul gets 333 hours of sunny skies, while Rome receives 338 hours of full sun in the summer. Byzantine Empire 3951204 Environmentalist groups worry that the third bridge will endanger the remaining green areas to the north of Istanbul. [261] Since 2015, all types of parades at Taksim Square and stiklal Avenue (where, in 2013, the Gezi Park protests took place) have been denied permission by the AKP government, citing security concerns, but hundreds of people have defied the ban each year. [173] Representing the Republican People's Party, Ekrem mamolu has been the Mayor of Istanbul since 27 June 2019. The most recent of these is the 13,800-seat lker Sports Arena, which opened in 2012 as the home court of Fenerbahe's basketball teams. [148] The Roman emperor Constantius II (r. 337361 CE) had it and another obelisk transported along the River Nile to Alexandria for commemorating his ventennalia or 20 years on the throne in 357. Hours later, the sultan rode to the Hagia Sophia and summoned an imam to proclaim the Islamic creed, converting the grand cathedral into an imperial mosque due to the city's refusal to surrender peacefully. [335] Until then, buses provide transportation within and between the two-halves of the city, accommodating 2.2 million passenger trips each day. [304] The state-run Turkish Electrical Authority (TEK) brieflybetween its founding in 1970 and 1984held a monopoly on the generation and distribution of electricity, but now the authoritysince split between the Turkish Electricity Generation Transmission Company (TEA) and the Turkish Electricity Distribution Company (TEDA)competes with private electric utilities. [210] Romaniote and Ashkenazi communities existed in Istanbul before the conquest of Istanbul, but it was the arrival of Sephardic Jews that ushered a period of cultural flourishing. [306], In 2000, Istanbul had 137 hospitals, of which 100 were private. [49] Constantine also undertook a major renovation and expansion of the Hippodrome of Constantinople; accommodating tens of thousands of spectators, the hippodrome became central to civic life and, in the 5th and 6th centuries, the center of episodes of unrest, including the Nika riots. Istanbul became one of the world's most important Jewish centers in the 16th and 17th century. [133] Inland, north of Taksim Square is the Istanbul Central Business District, a set of corridors lined with office buildings, residential towers, shopping centers, and university campuses, and over 2,000,000m2 (22,000,000sqft) of class-A office space in total. [157] The present palace grew over the centuries as a series of additions enfolding four courtyards and blending neoclassical, rococo, and baroque architectural forms. [57] Hagia Sophia was converted to a Catholic church in 1204. [305], The Ottoman Ministry of Post and Telegraph was established in 1840 and the first post office, the Imperial Post Office, opened near the courtyard of Yeni Mosque. DO NOT look at the Amazon size chart. [13], In 1923, after the Turkish War of Independence, Ankara replaced the city as the capital of the newly formed Republic of Turkey. [183][184] The city's annual population growth of 1.5 percent ranks as one of the highest among the seventy-eight largest metropolises in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. [187][188], According to 2020 TK data around 2.1 million people in a population of over 15.4 million have been registered[g] in Istanbul, meanwhile the vast majority of the residents ultimately originate from Anatolian provinces, especially those in the Black Sea, Central and Eastern Anatolia regions due to internal migration since the 1950s. [12] The city played a key role in the advancement of Christianity during Roman/Byzantine times, hosting four (including Chalcedon (Kadky) on the Asian side) of the first seven ecumenical councils (all of which were in present-day Turkey) before its transformation to an Islamic stronghold following the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 CEespecially after becoming the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1517. [262] Galatasaray SK and Fenerbahe SK have fared better in international competitions and have won more Sper Lig titles, at 22 and 19 times, respectively. Turkish National Movement 1923 WebIstanbul (Turkey) is 2.64 times as big as New York City (US) No description found. A married women is also registered to her husband's province. "Continuity and Change in Nineteenth-Century Istanbul: Sultan Abdulaziz and the Beylerbeyi Palace", Filiz Yeniehirliolu. This reflected its status as the only major city in the vicinity. [167][168] The main decision-making body of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality is the Municipal Council, with members drawn from district councils. [64][65], Following the conquest of Constantinople,[f] Mehmed II immediately set out to revitalize the city. Despite efforts to make Ankara Turkey's cultural heart, Istanbul had the country's primary institution of art until the 1970s. [69] Like many monarchs before and since, Mehmed II transformed Istanbul's urban landscape with wholesale redevelopment of the city center. There are numerous ancient monuments in the city. Latin Empire 12041261 However, it was re-converted into a mosque in July 2020. [15], Istanbul expects 1 million tourists from cruise companies after the renovation of its cruise port, also known as Galataport in Karaky district. The high quality of healthcare, especially in private hospitals, has contributed to a recent upsurge in medical tourism to Turkey (with a 40 percent increase between 2007 and 2008). Istanbul has more than fifty museums, with the Topkap Palace, the most visited museum in the city, bringing in more than $30 million in revenue each year. Sergius and Bacchus, the Church of Theotokos Pammakaristos, the Monastery of the Pantocrator, the Monastery of Christ Pantepoptes, the Hagia Theodosia, the Church of Theotokos Kyriotissa, the Monastery of Constantine Lips, the Church of Myrelaion, the Hagios Theodoros, etc. [255] stiklal Avenue, originally known for its taverns, has shifted toward shopping, but the nearby Nevizade Street is still lined with winehouses and pubs. [e] After the reconquest of 1261, however, some of the city's monuments were restored, and some, like the two Deesis mosaics in Hagia Sophia and Kariye, were created. [107] These snow squalls are heavy snow bands and occasionally thundersnows, with accumulation rates approaching 58 centimeters (23in) per hour. [307], A nascent telephone system began to emerge in Istanbul in 1881 and after the first manual telephone exchange became operational in Istanbul in 1909, the Ministry of Post and Telegraph became the Ministry of Post, Telegraph, and Telephone. 11431180). How to Choose SizeXS36R, S38R, M40R, L42R, XL44R, XXL46R. [290] Istanbul also has long-running Armenian language newspapers, notably the dailies Marmara and Jamanak and the bilingual weekly Agos in Armenian and Turkish. 25.76$ vs 29.44$ [23] In modern Turkish, the name is written as stanbul, with a dotted , as the Turkish alphabet distinguishes between a dotted and dotless I. Istanbul (/stnbl/ IST-an-BUUL,[7][8] US also /stnbl/ IST-an-buul; Turkish: stanbul [istanbu] (listen)), formerly known as Constantinople[b] (Greek: ; Latin: Constantinopolis), is the largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, cultural and historic hub. Galleria Ataky ushered in the age of modern shopping malls in Turkey when it opened in 1987. [10][18] Megarian colonists claimed a direct line back to the founders of the city, Byzas, the son of the god Poseidon and the nymph Cerossa. [90] The fault caused the earthquakes in 1766 and 1894. [95][106] Snowfall varies widely between years and different areas of the city, with districts facing north more prone to receive snow than southerly ones. The rents are extremely high. The obelisk that would become the Obelisk of Theodosius remained in Alexandria until 390 CE, when Theodosius I (r. 379395 CE) had it transported to Constantinople and put up on the spina of the Hippodrome there. Contrary to popular belief, Istanbul was first founded on the Asian side, Kadky today. [244] The Turkish film industry ramped up in the second half of the century, and with Uzak (2002) and My Father and My Son (2005), both filmed in Istanbul, the nation's movies began to see substantial international success. [15], Haydarpaa, at the southeastern end of the Bosporus, was Istanbul's largest port until the early 2000s. They come in Brilliant and Natural Finish, in Sizes 14" Hihat, 20" Ride, 16" & 18" Crash. But in the second half of the 20th century, the Asian side experienced major urban growth; the late development of this part of the city led to better infrastructure and tidier urban planning when compared with most other residential areas in the city. One of the exceptions, offering both, is Ak Radyo (94.9 FM). Persian Empire 512 BC478 BC WebWith a total population of around fifteen million residents in its metropolitan area, Istanbul is one of the world's largest cities by population, standing as the world's fifteenth-largest The former village of Ortaky is within Beikta and gives its name to the Ortaky Mosque on the Bosporus, near the Bosporus Bridge. [177], Throughout most of its history, Istanbul has ranked among the largest cities in the world. Mehmed II built the original palace as his main residence and the seat of government. [71] Opulent houses shared the same streets and districts with tiny hovels. Organized between 2003 and 2013, Rock'n Coke was the biggest open-air rock festival in Turkey, sponsored by Coca-Cola. [203] Following Greek migration to the city for work in the 2010s, the Greek population rose to nearly 3,000 in 2019, still greatly diminished since 1919, when it stood at 350,000. [249][250] Other focal points for shopping, leisure and entertainment include Nianta, Ortaky, Bebek and Kadky. [71], The Ottoman Dynasty claimed the status of caliphate in 1517, with Constantinople remaining the capital of this last caliphate for four centuries. [107] The highest recorded snow cover in the city center was 80 centimeters (31in) on 4 January 1942, and 104 centimeters (41in) in the northern suburbs on 11 January 2017. [326], Istanbul's local public transportation system is a network of commuter trains, trams, funiculars, metro lines, buses, bus rapid transit, and ferries. There are 13.4 million people living in the city, while London has only 8.1 million people (Versus par. Atatrk Olympic Stadium, the largest multi-purpose stadium in Turkey, was completed in 2002 as an IAAF first-class venue for track and field. [148] It was originally part of an ancient Greek sacrificial tripod in Delphi that was erected to commemorate the Greeks who fought and defeated the Persian Empire at the Battle of Plataea (479 BCE). [157] After several hundred years of royal residence, it was abandoned in 1853 in favor of the baroque Dolmabahe Palace. [298], Public universities with a major presence in the city, such as Istanbul University, Istanbul Technical University (the world's third-oldest university dedicated entirely to engineering, established in 1773), and Boazii University (formerly the higher education section of Robert College until 1971) provide education in English as the primary foreign language, while the primary foreign language of education at Galatasaray University is French (as is the case at Galatasaray High School). [130], The Fatih district, which was named after Sultan Mehmed II (Turkish: Fatih Sultan Mehmed), corresponds to what was, until the Ottoman conquest in 1453, the whole of the city of Constantinople (today is the capital district and called the historic peninsula of Istanbul) on the southern shore of the Golden Horn, across the medieval Genoese citadel of Galata on the northern shore. [4] Istanbul is the most populous European city,[c] and the world's 15th-largest city. New York City (US) New York City (NYC), often called simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. [15] In 2019, Ambarl, on the western edge of the urban center, had an annual capacity of 3,104,882 TEUs, making it the third-largest cargo terminal in the Mediterranean basin. [39] The city experienced a brief period of Persian rule at the turn of the 5th century BCE, but the Greeks recaptured it during the Greco-Persian Wars. [233], Istanbul was historically known as a cultural hub, but its cultural scene stagnated after the Turkish Republic shifted its focus toward Ankara. Glhane Park and Yldz Park were originally included within the grounds of two of Istanbul's palaces Topkap Palace and Yldz Palacebut they were repurposed as public parks in the early decades of the Turkish Republic. Because of their restaurants, historic summer mansions, and tranquil, car-free streets, the Prince Islands are a popular vacation destination among Istanbulites and foreign tourists.[260]. [320] The O-7[321] or Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu, is a motorway that bypass Istanbul to the north. [334] The Marmaray tunnel together with the suburban railways lines along the Sea of Marmara, is part of intercontinental commuter rail line in Istanbul, from Halkal on the European side to Gebze on the Asian side. By 500 CE, Constantinople had somewhere between 400,000 and 500,000 people, edging out its predecessor, Rome, for world's largest city. [61] In the mid-14th-century, the Ottoman Turks began a strategy of gradually taking smaller towns and cities, cutting off Constantinople's supply routes and strangling it slowly. The most native taxa were in the Asteraceae family (50 species), while the most diverse exotic plant family was Rosaceae (16 species).[361]. [306][310] Postal services remain under the purview of what is now the Post and Telegraph Organization (retaining the acronym PTT). [40] Byzantium then continued as part of the Athenian League and its successor, the Second Athenian League, before gaining independence in 355 BCE. Compare Moscow (Russia) to Filter R andom Map Iceberg A-68 Abbottabad city (Pakistan) Abkhazia Acre Australian Capital Territory Andorra Adriatic sea Adygea (Russia) UAE (United Arab Emirates) Afghanistan Inalcik, Halil. [131] Galata (Karaky) is today a quarter within the Beyolu (Pera) district, which forms Istanbul's commercial and entertainment center and includes stiklal Avenue and Taksim Square. [191], Arabs form the city's other largest ethnic minority, with an estimated population of more than 2 million. [105], According to a study, an average of more than 60 centimeters (24in) of snow falls every year on the area of the airport, making Istanbul the snowiest major city in the Mediterranean basin, despite not having the cold winters typical of snowy cities. [18] Some Ottoman sources of the 17th century, such as Evliya elebi, describe it as the common Turkish name of the time; between the late 17th and late 18th centuries, it was also in official use. [311][needs update] Turkish citizens are entitled to subsidized healthcare in the nation's state-run hospitals. [372], Algal blooms and red tides were reported in Sea of Marmara and Bosporus (especially in Golden Horn), and regularly happen in urban lakes such as Lake Bykekmece and Kkekmece. London (UK) London is the capital Istanbul's main bus station is the largest in Europe, with a daily capacity of 15,000 buses and 600,000 passengers, serving destinations as distant as Frankfurt.[350][351]. Roman Empire 196395 (Capital between 330395) [230], By 2023, the Ataehir district on the Asian side of the city will host the new headquarters of a number of state-owned Turkish banks, including the Central Bank of Turkey, currently headquartered in Ankara. [10], Over 13.4 million foreign visitors came to Istanbul in 2018, eight years after it was named a European Capital of Culture, making it the world's eighth most visited city. While Istanbul's Greek population was exempted from the 1923 population exchange with Greece, changes in tax status and the 1955 anti-Greek pogrom prompted thousands to leave. Modern authors have linked it to the Thracian toponym Lygos,[31] mentioned by Pliny the Elder as an earlier name for the site of Byzantium. Emirgan Park is known for its diversity of plants and an annual tulip festival is held there since 2005. Its early incarnations were aimed at showcasing Turkish visual art, and it has since opened to international artists and risen in prestige to join the elite biennales, alongside the Venice Biennale and the So Paulo Art Biennial.[248]. In 2016, the airport served over 83 million passengers. Their prevalence has increased significantly over the last decade, as the percentage of outpatients using private hospitals increased from 6 percent to 23 percent between 2005 and 2009. [84] Turkish forces of the Ankara government, commanded by kr Naili Pasha (3rd Corps), entered the city with a ceremony on 6 October 1923, which has been marked as the Liberation Day of Istanbul (Turkish: stanbul'un Kurtuluu) and is commemorated every year on its anniversary. Byzantine Empire 12611453 [252][253] Mahmutpasha Bazaar is an open-air market extending between the Grand Bazaar and the Spice Bazaar, which has been Istanbul's major spice market since 1660. Istanbul has more than 93 colleges and universities,[298] with 400,000 students[299] enrolled in 2016. [191][201], Into the 19th century, the Christians of Istanbul tended to be either Greek Orthodox, members of the Armenian Apostolic Church or Catholic Levantines. [128] In 2013 and 2014, large-scale anti-AKP government protests began in stanbul and spread throughout the nation. [241] Movie theaters rapidly cropped up in Beyolu, with the greatest concentration of theaters being along the street now known as stiklal Avenue. Apart from the city's numerous stadiums, sports halls and concert halls, there are several open-air venues for concerts and festivals, such as the Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre in Harbiye, Paraf Kurueme Open-Air on the Bosphorus shore in Kurueme, and Parkorman in the forest of Maslak. [158] Topkap Palace became public property following the abolition of monarchy in 1922. [137] At present, some gecekondu areas are being gradually demolished and replaced by modern mass-housing compounds. [162] The city, considered capital of the larger Istanbul Province, is administered by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (MMI), which oversees the 39 districts of the city-province. ", Kara Rapor 2020: Hava Kirlilii ve Salk Etkileri, "Major cities blighted by nitrogen dioxide pollution, research finds | Air pollution", Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 14531924, Website of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality: Interactive aerial photos from 1946, 1966, 1970, 1982, 2006, 2011 and 2013, Museum of Science and Technology in Islam, Population distribution and settlement in Turkey, Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&oldid=1133395167, Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey, Archaeological sites in the Marmara Region, Populated places established in the 7th century BC, Wikipedia pages semi-protected from banned users, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing Turkish-language text, Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list, Pages using infobox settlement with possible area code list, Articles with Turkish-language sources (tr), Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles containing Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles lacking reliable references from December 2020, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with disputed statements from July 2021, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Pages using largest cities with nav class, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 15:41. Leonardo da Vinci International Airport [364] Water pollution, overfishing and destruction of coastal habitats caused by urbanization are main threats to Istanbul's marine ecology. [266], Many of Istanbul's sports facilities have been built or upgraded since 2000 to bolster the city's bids for the Summer Olympic Games. Cognizant that revitalization would fail without the repopulation of the city, Mehmed II welcomed everyoneforeigners, criminals, and runaways showing extraordinary openness and willingness to incorporate outsiders that came to define Ottoman political culture. In the Ottoman period, it was first granted to Nianc Feridun Ahmed Bey in the 16th century, before being granted by Sultan Murad IV to the Safavid Emir Gne Han in the 17th century, hence the name Emirgan. [302] Today, Istanbul has a chlorinated and filtered water supply and a sewage treatment system managed by the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (stanbul Su ve Kanalizasyon daresi, SK). [223] Istanbul's productivity is 110 percent higher than the national average. Istanbul's weather is strongly influenced by the Sea of Marmara to the south, and the Black Sea to the north. 24% of the surveyed also identified themselves as "religious conservatives". [22] An alternative view is that the name evolved directly from the name Constantinople, with the first and third syllables dropped. [246], Coinciding with this cultural reemergence was the establishment of the Istanbul Festival, which began showcasing a variety of art from Turkey and around the world in 1973. 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[170] The Municipal Council is advised by the Metropolitan Executive Committee, although the committee also has limited power to make decisions of its own. 13. WebViella vs. Istanbul Viella may refer to: Viella, Hautes-Pyrnes, France Viella, Gers, France Viella, the Italian name for the bowed Viella vs. Istanbul - Comparison of sizes [292], Radio broadcasts in Istanbul date back to 1927, when Turkey's first radio transmission came from atop the Central Post Office in Eminn. Web14.9 million. WebCompare the size of countries, regions and cities Istanbul (Turkey) is 1.31 times as big as London (UK) Istanbul (Turkey) No description found. 3C higher average maximum temperature? The O-2 continues west to Edirne and the O-4 continues east to Ankara. [24] A person from the city is an stanbullu (plural: stanbullular); Istanbulite is used in English. In: goston, Gbor and Bruce Alan Masters. [290] Hrriyet, Sabah, Posta and Szc, the country's top four papers, are all headquartered in Istanbul, boasting more than 275,000 weekly sales each. [80], The Ottoman Empire joined World War I (19141918) on the side of the Central Powers and was ultimately defeated. [153] The minarets date from that period. [14] Istanbul and Antalya are Turkey's two largest international gateways, receiving a quarter of the nation's foreign tourists. [368], Air pollution in Turkey is acute in stanbul with cars, buses and taxis causing frequent urban smog,[369] as it is one of the few European cities without a low-emission zone. The largest is the new Istanbul Airport, opened in 2018 in the Arnavutky district to the northwest of the city center, on the European side, near the Black Sea coast. [202] Greeks and Armenians form the largest Christian population in the city. [18] Modern excavations have raised the possibility that the name Byzantium might reflect the sites of native Thracian settlements that preceded the fully-fledged town. [142], Istanbul does not have a primary urban park, but it has several green areas. Consequently, Istanbul's temperatures almost always oscillate between 5C (23F) and 32C (90F),[95] and most of the city does not experience temperatures above 30C (86F) for more than 14 days a year. [258], Istanbul is known for its historic seafood restaurants. Dominated by low-cost carriers, Istanbul's second airport has rapidly become popular, especially since the opening of a new international terminal in 2009;[356] the airport handled 14.7 million passengers in 2012, a year after Airports Council International named it the world's fastest-growing airport. Works Cited Beaverstock, V. Jonathan, Richard G Smith, and Peter J. Taylor. [203] There are today 50,000 to 70,000 Armenians in Istanbul[204] down from a peak of 164,000 in 1913. The Istanbul Shopping Fest is an annual shopping festival held since 2011, and Teknofest is an annual festival of aviation, aerospace and technology, held since 2018. [346][347][348] Service to Ankara and other points across Turkey is normally offered by Turkish State Railways, but the construction of Marmaray and the Ankara-Istanbul high-speed line forced the station to close in 2012. The city served as an imperial capital for almost 1600 years: during the Roman/Byzantine (3301204), Latin (12041261), late Byzantine (12611453), and Ottoman (14531922) empires. It was traditionally held at the Hezarfen Airfield in Istanbul. [15], Shipping is a significant part of the city's economy, with 73.9 percent of exports and 92.7 percent of imports in 2018 executed by sea. New York City (NYC), often called simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. [362] Bluefish, bonito, sea bass, horse mackerel and anchovies composes the economically important species. [328] It still carries passengers between Karaky and stiklal Avenue along a steep 573-meter (1,880ft) track; a more modern funicular between Taksim Square and Kabata began running in 2006. In 2011, as a workaround solution, the then Prime Minister Erdoan presented Canal Istanbul, a project to open a new strait between the Black and Marmara seas. The three serpent heads of the 8-meter (26ft) high column remained intact until the end of the 17th century (one is on display at the nearby Istanbul Archaeology Museums). [303], The Silahtaraa Power Station, a coal-fired power plant along the Golden Horn, was the sole source of Istanbul's electricity between 1914, when its first engine room was completed, and 1952. [150], Next in age is the Serpent Column, from 479 BCE. [294], TRT-Children is the only TRT television station based in Istanbul. [109][107][110], As with virtually every part of the world, climate change is causing more heatwaves,[119] droughts,[120] storms,[121] and flooding[122][123] in Istanbul. Entitled to subsidized healthcare in the nation 's foreign tourists 2.64 times as big as New York city ( )! Only TRT television station based in Istanbul [ 204 ] down from a of. City 's Other largest ethnic minority, with the first and third syllables.... Being gradually demolished and replaced by modern mass-housing compounds reflected its status as the only TRT television station based Istanbul. Most important Jewish centers in the nation Beaverstock, V. Jonathan, Richard G Smith, and J.... Seafood restaurants 90 ] the minarets date from that period and Kadky Kadky today [ ]... Was the biggest open-air Rock festival in Turkey, was completed in 2002 as an first-class. 'S foreign tourists, M40R, L42R, XL44R, XXL46R until the.. State-Run hospitals '' Hihat, 20 '' Ride, 16 '' & 18 '' Crash [ 22 ] an view! 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