[182] Its national football team is a member of the Asian Football Confederation and of the ASEAN Football Federation. Ninety-three percent of households have a telephone, either fixed line or mobile. officially proclaimed when the new Constitution was promulgated in 1947, as part of the colonial French Union, and obtained full independence in 1953. 6, "Seventy Years of Anarchy", in. $2.99 + $2.50 shipping . note: data are in current year dollars$6.461 billion (2020 est.) [79], In 1993, Vue Mai, a former Hmong soldier and leader of the largest Hmong refugee camp in Thailand, who had been recruited by the USEmbassy in Bangkok to return to Laos as proof of the repatriation programme's success, disappeared in Vientiane. Ngum was descended from a long line of Lao kings that traced back to Khoun Boulom. On September 1, 1945, the Kingdom of Laos was confirmed [2] as Recently, the country has faced a persistent current account deficit, falling foreign currency reserves, and growing public debt. [176][177], Polygamy is officially a crime in Laos, though the penalty is minor. country in Southeast Asia (official name) enwiktionary-2017-09 Savada, Andrea Matles (editor) (1994) "Events in 1945". )services: 45.9% (2017 est. )percent of population: 34% (2020 est. [129], In 2018, the country ranked 139th on the Human Development Index (HDI), indicating medium development. Joining us is four-time Academy Award winning re-recording mixer, supervising sound editor, and sound designer Christopher Boyes; supervising sound Under Vietnamese pressure, he rebelled against the Siamese in 1826. (approximately $95 million)0.2% of GDP (2015 est.) WebKingdom of Laos Stamps Album Exhibition In the Exhibits section, E. Moallem exhibits his Kingdom of Laos stamps album. 0 / 5 0 lt. ), Laos is a predominantly rural country with a youthful population almost 55% of the population is under the age of 25. Its progress on health and development issues has been uneven geographically, among ethnic groups, and socioeconomically. Laos has made headway in poverty reduction, with the poverty rate almost halving from 46% in 1992/93 to 22% in 2012/13. Nevertheless, pronounced rural-urban disparities persist, and income inequality is rising. Poverty most affects populations in rural and highland areas, particularly ethnic minority groups., The total fertility rate (TFR) has decreased markedly from around 6 births per woman on average in 1990 to approximately 2.8 in 2016, but it is still one of the highest in Southeast Asia. Lao / Laos, Kingdom, 100 Kip, ND (1974), P-16, UNC . Theravada Buddhism has coexisted peacefully since its introduction to the country with the local polytheism. )investment in inventories: 3.1% (2017 est. US Representative Steve Gunderson, for instance, told a Hmong gathering: "I do not enjoy standing up and saying to my government that you are not telling the truth, but if that is necessary to defend truth and justice, I will do that. 0-14 years: 31.25% (male 1,177,297/female 1,149,727)15-24 years: 20.6% (male 763,757/female 770,497)25-54 years: 38.29% (male 1,407,823/female 1,443,774)55-64 years: 5.73% (male 206,977/female 219,833)65 years and over: 4.13% (male 139,665/female 168,046) (2020 est. For 300 years Lan Xang had influence reaching into present-day Cambodia and Thailand, as well as over all of what is now Laos. Lao Soung account for about 10% of the population. )wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ), 185 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. [183] Since the start of the league, Lao Army F.C. )municipal solid waste recycled annually: 35,190 tons (2015 est. Between 1763 and 1769, Burmese armies overran northern Laos and annexed Luang Prabang, while Champasak eventually came under Siamese suzerainty. [145] The Lao belong to the Tai linguistic group[146] who began migrating south from China in the first millennium CE. Laos has the youngest population of any country in Asia with a median age of 21.6 years. Economic growth averaged more than 6% per year in the period 1988-2008, and Laos' growth has more recently been amongst the fastest in Asia, averaging more than 7% per year for most of the last decade. )forest: 67.9% (2018 est. The organisation estimates that there are 173,800 French speakers in Laos (2010 est.). [50], In 1975 the Pathet Lao overthrew the royalist government, forcing King Savang Vatthana to abdicate on 2 December 1975. [163] The first feature-length film made after the monarchy was abolished is Gun Voice from the Plain of Jars, directed by Somchith Pholsena in 1983, although its release was prevented by a censorship board. Between 1995 and 2008 approximately 1,232,900 more people had access to improved sanitation in rural areas. [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. )industrial: 170 million cubic meters (2017 est. [184], Laos has no tradition in other team sports. [45] The Japanese attempted to force Sisavang Vong (the King of Luang Phrabang) to declare Laotian independence, but on 8 April he instead simply declared an end to Laos's status as a French protectorate. )transmission/distribution losses: 2.262 billion kWh (2019 est. In 1893, the three territories came under a French protectorate and were united to form what is now known as Laos. Select from premium Kingdom Of Laos of the highest quality. Words Starting With K KI KIN Words Ending With S OS AOS It is a political term that includes the non-ethnic Lao groups within Laos and identifies them as "Laotian" because of their political citizenship. [41] Under French rule, the Vietnamese were encouraged to migrate to Laos, which was seen by the French colonists as a rational solution to a labour shortage within the confines of an Indochina-wide colonial space. WebThe Laos and Hmong Memorial, or Lao Veterans of America Monument, is a granite monument, bronze plaque and living memorial (that includes an Atlas Cedar tree) in Arlington National Cemetery. )wine: 0.07 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. WebFor the history of Laos under the joint Franco-Japanese protectorate, see Laos (Indochinese Union). He has been General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, a position making him the de facto leader of Laos, since January 2021. Laos financed the remaining 30% with loans from China. Settathirath disappeared in the mountains on his way back from a military expedition into Cambodia, and Lan Xang fell into more than seventy years of instability, involving both Burmese invasion and civil war. [47] Between 1964 and 1973, the US dropped two million tons of bombs on Laos, nearly equal to the 2.1million tons of bombs the US dropped on Europe and Asia during all of World War II, making Laos the most heavily bombed country in history relative to the size of its population; The New York Times notes this was "nearly a ton for every person in Laos". jw2019 Export earnings from international visitors and tourism goods are expected to generate 16% of total exports or US$270.3million in 2010, growing in nominal terms to US$484.2million (12.5% of the total) in 2020. [70] Laos was admitted into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in July 1997 and acceded to the World Trade Organization in 2016. Find high-quality stock photos that you won't find anywhere else. Learn more - eBay Money Back Guarantee - opens in a new window or tab. [131] In 2019, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights conducted an official visit to Laos and found that the country's top-down approach to economic growth and poverty alleviation "is all too often counterproductive, leading to impoverishment and jeopardising the rights of the poor and marginalised. ", "Laos Deputy PM Douangchay Phichit dies in plane crash", "Laos plane crash kills defence minister and senior officials", "Lao Defense Chief Among Plane Crash Victims", "Hmong Leader's Vanishing In Laos Reverberates in U.S.", Reports on results of investigations of allegations concerning the welfare of Hmong refugees and asylum seekers in Thailand and Laos, "Refugee Admissions Program for East Asia", "History of the Hmong Resettlement Task Force", Report on the situation in the Xaysomboun Special Zone and 1100 Hmong-Lao refugees who escaped to Petchabun, Thailand during 20042005, Thailand: EU Presidency Declaration on the situation of Hmong refugees, "Hmong refugees facing removal from Thailand", Deportation of Hmong Lao refugees stopped in last minute, Hmong: UNHCR Protests Refugee Deportation, "Somsanga's Secrets | Arbitrary Detention, Physical Abuse, and Suicide inside a Lao Drug Detention Center", "In charts: How the Philippines fares in Southeast Asia", "Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review: Eighth session of the UPR Working Group of the Human Rights Council", "Human Rights Watch Concerns on Laos Submitted in advance of the EU-Laos Human Rights Dialogue October 2015", "Human Rights Abuses in Laos Must be Tackled Now", "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016", "Free former student leaders arbitrarily detained for 17 years", "Amnesty International Report 2016/17: Laos", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill Hmong Christians", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill four Hmong Christians: NGO", "Two teenagers rescued from forced prostitution in Laos", "Chinese marriage proposals become prostitution nightmares for some Lao girls", "Communism and Capitalism Are Mixing in Laos", https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341793965, "Preparing the Cumulative Impact Assessment for the Nam Ngum 3 Hydropower Project: Financed by the Japan Special Fund", "Briefing note for countries on the 2015 Human Development Report Laos", International Food Policy Research Institute, "UN expert: Lao PDR's economic strategy entrenches poverty", Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, European Council On Tourism And Trade Delegation Visit To Laos-World Best Tourist Destination European Council On Tourism And Trade, "The Lao People's Democratic Republic's Vision for Ecotourism", "China's BRI and its High-Speed Railways to Nowhere", "Focales n 8. After talks with the UNHCR and the Thai government, Laos agreed to repatriate the 60,000 Lao refugees living in Thailand, including several thousand Hmong people. [155] Government expenditure on health is about four percent of GDP,[155] about US$18 (PPP) in 2006. Electricity is available to 83% of the population. )exports of goods and services: 34.6% (2017 est. The Lao Royals are now based in France, where they work to achieve a change of government in Laos. He later died under suspicious circumstances in a re-education camp. The Kingdom of Laosball was an Indochinese state prior to the foundation of Lao People's Democratic Republicball. )methane emissions: 9 megatons (2020 est. [56], On 3 December 2021, the 422-kilometre Boten-Vientiane railway, a flagship of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was opened. Lan Xang became an important trade centre during Samsenthai's reign, but after his death in 1421 it collapsed into warring factions for nearly a century. [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. The government appears committed to raising the country's profile among foreign investors and has developed special economic zones replete with generous tax incentives, but a limited labor pool, a small domestic market, and corruption remain impediments to investment. ), Thailand 36%, China 28%, Vietnam 16% (2019), electricity, copper, rubber, gold, flavored water (2019), $6.527 billion (2021 est.) (approximately $85 million), information is limited and estimates vary; approximately 30,000 active duty troops (26,000 Army; 4,000 Air Force) (2022), the LPAF is armed largely with Soviet-era weapons acquired from the former Soviet Union, Russia, and Vietnam; since 2010, China and Russia have been the leading suppliers of military equipment to Laos (2022), 18 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; minimum 18-month service obligation (2022), the LPAFs primary missions are border and internal security, including counterinsurgency and counterterrorismVietnam is the Laotian military's primary security partner, although in recent years, Laos has expanded defense ties with China (2022), Laos-Cambodia: in 2021, the two countries agreed to increase efforts to combat drug trafficking and other transnational crimes and to complete the last 14% of their border demarcation, Laos-Cambodia-Vietnam: Cambodia and Vietnam are concerned about Laos' extensive plans for upstream dam construction and the potential harm it poses to fisheries and farming downstream, Laos-China: concern among Mekong River Commission members that China's construction of eight dams on the Upper Mekong River and construction of more dams on its tributaries will affect water levels, sediment flows, and fisheries, Laos-Thailand: talks continue as of 2018 on completion of demarcation with Thailand but disputes remain over islands in the Mekong River, Laos-Vietnam: Laos and Vietnam completed border demarcation in 2016, Bokeo Province part of the Golden Triangle, a notorious drug production and transit area; remains a poppy cultivator and source of illicit opium and a transit hub for other illicit drugs such as amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) and chemical precursors; estimate of 4,925 ha of opium poppy cultivated in Laos in 2018, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). ), kips (LAK) per US dollar -9,697.916 (2021 est. $58.264 billion (2021 est. [123] Approximately 77% of Lao farm households are self-sufficient in rice. (approximately $120 million)0.2% of GDP (2018 est.) For example, Khammu farmers in Luang Prabang plant the rice variety khao kam in small quantities near the farm house in memory of dead parents, or at the edge of the rice field to indicate that parents are still alive.[162]. The Lao PDR is one of the world's few socialist states openly endorsing communism. WebLaosin kuningaskunta is the translation of "Kingdom of Laos" into Finnish. [121] The irrigated areas under cultivation account for only 28% of the total area under cultivation which, in turn, represents only 12% of all of the agricultural land in 2012. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2020 est. It is estimated that about 37% of educated Laotians live outside Laos. This sector has made significant contributions to the economic condition of Laos. )hydroelectricity: 64.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ), 63.6% of GDP (2017 est. ), urban population: 38.2% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 2.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. [12] Its capital and largest city is Vientiane. There are many traditions and rituals associated with rice production in different environments and among many ethnic groups. [149], Hill people and minority cultures of Laos such as the Hmong, Yao (Mien) (Hmong-Mien), Dao, Shan, and several Tibeto-Burman speaking peoples have lived in isolated regions of Laos for many years. The politically and culturally dominant Lao people make up 53.2% of the population, mostly in the lowlands. [66][67] The incumbent head of government is Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone. [68] Laos also maintained a "special relationship" with Vietnam and formalised a 1977 treaty of friendship and cooperation that created tensions with China. Fa Ngum, also spelled Fa Ngoun, (born 1316died 1374), founder and first king of the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang who created the first unified state of the Lao people. The Lao League is the top professional league for association football clubs in the country. [58] Laos had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.59/10, ranking it 98th globally out of 172 countries. However, only slightly more than half of the population speaks Lao natively. [153][154] Buddhism has long been one of the most important social forces in Laos. Quc gia: Nht Bn. In 1975, the communist Pathet Lao took control of the government, ending a six-century-old monarchy and instituting a strict socialist regime closely aligned to Under the plan, refugee status was evaluated through a screening process. )imports: 18,000 metric tons (2020 est. [33], In 1637, when Sourigna Vongsa ascended the throne, Lan Xang further expanded its frontiers. A new constitution was adopted in 1991 and enshrined a "leading role" for the LPRP. [citation needed], The Lao government controls all media channels to prevent critique of its actions. )$56.827 billion (2020 est. The Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 3.76% (2021 est. [35] Anouvong was taken to Bangkok as a prisoner, where he died. Stone artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been found at sites dating to the Late Pleistocene in northern Laos. A major breakthrough occurred in December 2021, when the 414-km long standard-gauge BotenVientiane railway that runs from the capital Vientiane to Boten at the northern border with China, built as part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, was opened. Let's say that Thailand, being inspired by Russia's recent moves towards Ukraine, decides that Laos is a fake country that deserves to be reunified with the Thai motherland. Laos used to be a part of Thailand and the Lao and Thai languages are mutually intelligible. So, Thailand decides to invade Laos. The Mekong River forms a large part of the western boundary with Thailand, where the mountains of the Annamite Range form most of the eastern border with Vietnam and the Luang Prabang Range the northwestern border with the Thai highlands. )exports: 24.114 billion kWh (2019 est. [141] Laos's predominantly rural[142] population makes investing in sanitation difficult. ), $7.82 billion (2021 est.) The constitution also contains provisions for gender equality, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of press and assembly. [4] )9,045.788 (2020 est. However, the latter is considered pejorative, meaning 'slave'. Lao (official), French, English, various ethnic languagesmajor-language sample(s): (Lao)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. [76] As many as 200,000 Hmong went into exile in Thailand, with many ending up in the US. Bomb Tonnages Dropped on Laos and Cambodia, and Weighing Their Implications", "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", Politics in Contemporary Southeast Asia: Authority, Democracy and Political Change, Renovation in Vietnam since 1988 a study in political, economic and social change, "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity", "Mekong Divides Different Worlds In 'Golden Triangle', "Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia", "East Asia/Southeast Asia:: Laos The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "Laos promotes PM Thongloun as leader of communist party", "OEC Laos (LAO) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners", "Q+A What is the East Asia Summit all about? [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. Sample translated sentence: . WebSearch from Kingdom Of Laos stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. [109], Laos and Vietnamese (SRV) troops were reported to have raped and killed four Christian Hmong women in Xiangkhouang Province in 2011, according to the US-based non-governmental public policy research organisation The Centre for Public Policy Analysis, which also said other Christian and independent Buddhist and animist believers were being persecuted. The Lao government has been working with the International Rice Research Institute of the Philippines to collect seed samples of each of the thousands of rice varieties found in Laos. Major festivals include Lao New Year celebrated around 1315 April and involves a water festival similar but more subdued than that of Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. There are two plateaux, the Xiangkhoang in the north and the Bolaven Plateau at the southern end. WebThe Kingdom of Laos. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}18N 105E / 18N 105E / 18; 105. In 2010, one in every 11 jobs was in the tourism sector. "Laos refuses to take back Thai-based Hmong refugees", Smith, Philip, Washington, D.C. (12 December 2014), Kyophilavong, Phouphet, et al. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. [32], In 1520, Photisarath came to the throne and moved the capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane to avoid a Burmese invasion. 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