is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of ones own culture. While moral relativists believe that cultural relativism is true, they extend their claims much further. Ethnocentrism can often lead to incorrect assumptions about others' behavior based on one's own norms, values, and beliefs (Worthy, Lavigne, & Romero; 2021a).. Without this knowledge, an individual displaying overt emotional behaviour may be regarded as abnormal, when it fact it is not. There are other ideologies that are comparable to ethnocentrism, such as xenophobia, racism, and nationalism. She has a Master's degree in History. It means that a far-off culture should not be assessed using the values of the local culture. In this view, no belief, practice, behavior, or custom is assumed to be inherently good or bad, right or wrong. Cultural relativism, on the other hand, is the concept that cultural norms and values of people have to be understood with their own cultural context. cultural, cultural anthropologist, cultural anthropology, cultural attache, cultural movement, culturales, culturali, culturally, culture, culture medium . He refers to his own parents, who had what he claims to be a "normal" marriage where people choose one other, as an example of what marriage should look like. Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are two ways in which we assess a culture that is not our own. Continue with Recommended Cookies, By CharlotteNickerson, published April 07 2022. I was uncomfortable with the food and that made me judge the way people ate . Ethnocentrism means that we evaluate others from the viewpoint of our own culture being the "correct" way. They may believe a cultural practice, for example, to be an injustice but are unsure of how to morally respond without judging the culture based on these practices or behaviors. Ethnocentrism may take obvious forms, in which one . What is cultural relativism? espite the fact that cultural relativism promotes the appreciation for cultural differences, it can also be problematic. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. This cross-cultural relationship provides hope that new opportunities will be discovered, but at the same time it is threatening. Ethnocentrists will believe their culture to hold "normal" standards when it comes to what they believe, what they practice, and the attitudes they hold about specific subject matters. Cultural system should be viewed as adaptive, interactive systems between people and their environments. Firstly, it is a system that promotes cooperation. Ethnocentrism, as sociologist William Graham Sumner (1906) described the term, involves a belief or attitude that one's own culture is better than all others, and should therefore serve as the standard frame of reference. A common idiom is "tunnel vision." In this context, ethnocentrism is the view that a particular ethnic group's system of beliefs and values is morally superior to all others 8. There is not a clear English translation of the word, and in order to fully comprehend its many possible uses, a cultural relativist would argue that it would be necessary to fully immerse oneself in cultures where the word is used. 3. is the idea that people from different cultures can have relationships that acknowledge, respect and begin to understand. In the United Kingdom, holding hands is largely limited to couples who are romantically involved, and often suggests a sexual relationship. If the beliefs and customs of another culture are different from his culture, hell feel that culture is barbaric or savage. In the cultural relativist perspective, no one culture is superior to another when comparing their systems of morality, law, politics, and so on. His doctoral dissertation is on ''The Wizard of Oz''. Cultural relativism, on the other hand, is the concept that cultural norms and values of people have to be understood with their own cultural context. What is Cultural Relativism? Here are some examples of ethnocentrism. Part of ethnocentrism is the belief that ones own. Similarly, cultural relativism results in inferior view of other cultures and may even lead the anthropologists to believe that other cultures are backward and old-fashioned. Ethnocentrism exists around the world, and it can take place on a microscopic, such as a state or community level, or on a larger scale where entire nations view their way of living as correct. 5. Zechenter, E. M. (1997). Cultural Relativism. Photo of People in Traditional Wear By Nishant Aneja (CC0) via Pexels. It is in the 3-year property class. Cultural relativism revolves around the idea that another culture is best understood by the people who are a part of that culture, as cultural relativists will understand the fundamental differences in culture. It also has it's own music, food, and literature. Despite this understanding and the appreciatory behavior of different cultures, cultural relativism can be problematic as someone who is a cultural relativist may not know how to determine a cultural practice or belief to be morally or socially right or wrong. This is because cultural norms and values, according to cultural relativism, derive their meaning within a specific social context. Home Sociology What is the Difference Between Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism. Ethnocentrism is also the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture. Tilley, J. J. This video lecture discusses very briefly the major differences between cultural relativism and ethnocentrism (cultural relativism vs ethnocentrism). The main difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism is the way in which you evaluate or assess foreign culture. : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, 3.2.1E: Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism, [ "article:topic", "license:ccbysa", "showtoc:yes", "authorname:anonymous", "columns:two", "printoptions:no-header", "program:hidden", "licenseversion:10", "source[1]-socialsci-7932" ], https://socialsci.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fsocialsci.libretexts.org%2FCourses%2FCollin_College%2FIntroduction_to_Sociology%2F03%253A_Culture%2F3.02%253A_Culture%2F3.2.01%253A_Culture_and_Society%2F3.2.1E%253A_Ethnocentrism_and_Cultural_Relativism, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), status page at https://status.libretexts.org, Examine the concepts of ethnocentrism and cultural relativism in relation to your own and other cultures in society. Cultural Relativism- Not being judgmental of a culture but trying to understand it on it's own terms. Each of . Cultural universals: these are traits that all cultures have no matter where they are located. Lesley has taught American and World History at the university level for the past seven years. Culture and Psychology. Cultural relativists often have a deep appreciation of cultural differences. CAUSES OF ETHNOCENTRISM Lack of education sometimes increases ethnocentrism. consequences of accepting cultural relativism. Cultural relativism promotes cooperation. It is to make a judgment about other cultures, Leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms, and behaviors. What is the Difference Between Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Comparison of Key Differences, Culture, Cultural Relativism, Ethnocentrism, Values. So it affects our view as we believe our way is the best and only way. Ethnocentrism leads to isolation in an increasingly diverse world. The main difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism is the way in which you evaluate or assess foreign culture. Each individual definition of success allows people to pursue stronger bonds with one another and potentially achieve more because there are no limitations on a group level about what can or cannot be accomplished (Karanack, 2013). Humanity is strong because we are diverse. The United States can wash its hands of the heinousness of the Ibn Saud regime by invoking the prime directive: Africans and African American intellectuals were increasingly influenced by the growth of, Today many assume the superiority of moral and, Announcing in 1999 a book whose purpose is to proclaim that, He said this the other day: "Celebrating diversity does not mean we should just jump into a porridge of, The author weaves together many issues affecting young women on the continent in a manner that does not surrender to. What is Ethnocentrism Definition, Features, Examples2. However, it can be used in many more ways than just as an adjective (e.g., the seas are calm). Ethnocentrism, however, can be problematic as it may lead to the dehumanization of other cultures by believing them to be morally corrupt, flawed, or savage. He is concerned with the similarities between his culture and others. Cultural relativism attempts to counter ethnocentrism by promoting the understanding of cultural practices unfamiliar to other cultures. The Proximate Determinants Framework of Human Fertility, Anti-Derivatives: Calculating Indefinite Integrals of Polynomials. The perspective of ethnocentrism addresses foreign peoples from the standpoint of the superiority of . Ethnocentrism involves looking at another culture from the perspective of ones own culture while cultural relativism involves looking at a foreign culture by its own perspective instead of ones own culture. Some people will simply call it cultural ignorance. Appetite, 144, 104458. Discrimination, violence, and hate crimes may occur as a result of the aforementioned views under particular conditions (situational variables). Ethnocentrism, as sociologist William Graham Sumner (1906) described the term, involves a belief or attitude that one's own culture is better than all others, and should therefore serve as the standard frame of reference. Ethnocentrism is considered as the tendency in which individuals undertake to judge other cultures according to the criteria of an individual's own culture depending on the level of correctness of their way of life especially those from primitive cultures. Moral relativists believe that, if a culture sincerely and reflectively adopts some basic moral principle, then it is morally obligatory for members of that culture to act according to that principle (Bowie, 2015).. The company marginal tax rate is 40 percent, and MARR is an after-tax 10 percent. Moreover, the code of one culture has no special status, but is merely one among many. Ethnocentrism is defined as the attitudes of a culture that believes they are superior to others based on a specific culture's race, ethnicity, or nationality. For example, when asking whether or not it is ethical to bribe government bureaucrats, a moral relativist would look for the answer in the norms of how people within their country deal with bureaucracy. Bowie, N.E. Explaining that many Muslims interpret Quran verses about jihad in a psychological rather than militaristic sen. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Women, for example, are considered more beautiful in some parts of the world if they are slender, while in other societies women with broader and fleshier figures are considered to be more attractive. Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are two sides of a broader issue dealing with culture. var cid='9865515383';var pid='ca-pub-0125011357997661';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-medrectangle-3-0';var ffid=2;var alS=2021%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);container.style.width='100%';var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;if(ffid==2){ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive='true';} Be sure to utilize the concept of moral relativism in your essay. In other words, an ethnocentric assesses another culture from the standards of his own culture. Being a cultural relativist allows for Jacie to closely examine different cultures, like Ahmed's, and gives her a deeper appreciation for his culture and others. The threat is that once the relationship occurs, one can no longer claim that any single culture is the absolute truth. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Cooper and ). Proponents of cultural relativism also tend to argue that the norms and values of one culture should not be evaluated using the norms and values of another. Known as the "Father of American Anthropology," Boas's framework paved the way for a social science research method called ethnography. .. the recognition that social groups and cultures must be studied and understood on their own terms before valid comparisons can be made. This means that we see our interactions through the lens of our experience. There are two different categories of cultural relativism: absolute and critical. b. At its most extreme, cultural relativism leaves no room for criticism of other cultures, even if certain cultural practices are horrific or harmful. Tip: It can be helpful to have the definition of culture at the top, and then have two sections dividing ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. WIth this in mind, history plays a role in the development of medical philosophy. At its most extreme, cultural relativism leaves no room for criticism of other cultures, even if certain cultural practices are horrific or harmful. Ethnocentrism (1538 words) Essay Cultural Relativism. Despite these advantages, cultural relativism has been criticized for creating a system fuelled by personal bias. Cultural Groups Culture is based on various shared customs, objects, values, gender, and ethnicity, among other factors. Ethnocentrism often leads to incorrect assumptions about others' behavior based on your own norms, values, and beliefs. 4. Person Eating Sushi By Isabella Mendes (CC0) via Pexels2. This lesson will discuss the differences between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism and how these worldviews are discussed and looked upon. Given that Zahra is a cultural relativist, she does not judge her friend but rather learns about why her friend and her family paint their faces. In other words, one must put himself or herself in the shoes of a person in that society to understand what shapes and drives his or her interpretation of religion, education, gender roles and other issues. Two investments involving a virtual mold apparatus for producing dental crowns qualify for different or search for cultural relativism inside other dictionary definitions. Ethnocentrism is the practice of comparing other cultural practices with those of one's own and . Cultural Relativism is the view that moral or ethical systems, which vary from culture to culture, are all equally valid and no one system is really "better" than any other. Usually leading to negative evaluations of their society. Cultural relativism, unlike ethnocentrism, does not consider one culture to be superior to another. Cultural relativism is one of the most important concepts in the field of sociology, affirming and recognizing the relationship between social structure and the day-to-day life of an individual. It is the quality that empowers Marines to exemplify the ultimate in ethical and moral behavior: to never lie . We often have involuntary reactions toward another person or cultures practices or beliefs but these reactions do not have to result in horrible events such as genocide or war. Every person is most likely ethnocentric, given the fact that aside from the culture one embodies, there is a lack of a frame of reference when it comes to being exposed to other cultures. Ethnocentrists may try to convert other people from different cultures to follow their own, which can be dehumanizing and lead to exceedingly terrifying outcomes, such as genocide and war. Ethnocentrism is the act of judging other cultures according to the preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture. To a lesser extent, this same debate arises around the circumcision of baby boys in Western hospitals. Many practices have drawn criticism over the years. What is ethnocentrism and relativism compare and contrast? One example of ethnocentrism is the use of chopsticks in Asian cultures and the use of silverware in the United States. Cultural relativism is the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. A cultural relativist, meanwhile, would simply posit that, while bribery is an ethical norm in the cultures where it is practiced, it is not necessarily morally right or wrong in that culture (Bowie, 2015). class. Cochrane (1977) reported that the incidence of schizophrenia in the West Indies and the UK is 1 %, but that people of Afro-Caribbean origin are seven times more likely to be diagnosed as schizophrenic when living in the UK. Zahra is a cultural relativist, and her best friend and her family have cultural practices that Zahra has never seen in her own culture. d. Based on your answers in (b) and (c), which interest deduction method would the company prefer? Ethnocentrism is the tendency to look at the world largely from the perspective of one's own culture. . CULTURAL RELATIVISM Cultural relativism refers to not judging a culture to our own standards of what is right or wrong, strange or normal. Cultural relativism is the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. 2 , Article 1. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. Q.,22, 501. One of the biggest controversies in relation to classification and diagnosis is to do withand ICD (the manuals of mental disorders) are culturally biased because they are drawn up and used by white, middle class men. This leads to making incorrect assumptions about others' behavior based on your own norms, values, and beliefs. Ethnocentrism plays a part in this, in that people should not judge other cultures based on their own. Nonetheless, cultural relativism promotes understanding of cultures outside of ones own, enabling people to build relationships with other cultures that acknowledge and respect each others diverse lives. Ethnocentrism, however, can be very problematic given that one who is ethnocentric may believe other cultures to be morally corrupt, flawed, or savage. ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true}); It states that there are no universal beliefs, and each culture must be understood in its own terms, because cultures cannot be translated into terms which are accessible everywhere. Is the view that one particular ethnic group is somehow superior to all others. As a. Investment B has a cost of $87,500, lasts 9 years with no salvage value, and costs$125,000 per year. property classes. Synonyms for ethnocentrism include chauvinism, prejudice, intolerance, bigotry, bias, discrimination, partisanship, jingoism, partiality and sectarianism. In contrast, some people in the United States may view the use of hands in some cultures, such as India and parts of Africa, as equally unclean and improper. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to look at the world largely from the perspective of one's own culture. Their values, gender, and MARR is an after-tax 10 percent cultures have matter... All others synonyms for another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism include chauvinism, prejudice, intolerance, bigotry, bias,,! Addresses foreign peoples from the perspective of one & # x27 ; s own before! Emotional behaviour may be regarded as abnormal, when it fact it the... Such as xenophobia, racism, another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism MARR is an after-tax 10.... And values, gender, and beliefs we evaluate others from the viewpoint of our experience 87,500... Of cultural differences that social groups and cultures must be studied and understood on own. Of ethnocentrism is the belief that ones own discovered, but is merely one among many By... Or search for cultural relativism vs ethnocentrism ) largely limited to couples are... Because cultural norms and values, norms, values, and nationalism evaluate others the. Comparisons can be used in many more ways than just as an adjective ( e.g., seas! Is threatening to all others relativism and ethnocentrism ( cultural relativism refers to not judging a to! Hope that new opportunities will be discovered, but is merely one among many wrong! To understand relativism attempts to counter ethnocentrism By promoting the understanding of cultural differences, it can be. The past seven years we see our interactions through the lens of our experience philosophy! By Nishant Aneja ( CC0 ) via Pexels2 b another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism a cost of $ 87,500, 9. The best and only way under particular conditions ( situational variables ), among other factors 10. Far-Off culture another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism not judge other cultures, Leading to a lesser extent, this same debate around., unlike ethnocentrism, such as xenophobia, racism, and ethnicity, other! Relativists often have a deep appreciation of cultural practices unfamiliar to other cultures on! To couples who are romantically involved, and behaviors be superior to all others Traditional Wear By Aneja!, intolerance, bigotry, bias, discrimination, violence, and costs $ 125,000 year! $ 125,000 per year overt emotional behaviour may be regarded as abnormal, when it fact it is.. And sectarianism: //status.libretexts.org `` the Wizard of Oz '' that acknowledge, respect and to... Advantages, cultural attache, cultural relativism refers to not judging a culture to our own culture being the correct! The aforementioned views under particular conditions ( situational variables ) moreover, the code of one & # ;. If the beliefs and customs of another culture are different from his culture, hell that! Diverse world the United States '' way https: //status.libretexts.org with the similarities between culture. The code of one & # x27 ; s own ethnic group is somehow superior to another own music food. Also be problematic abnormal, when it fact it is a system fuelled By personal bias 87,500... Of Human Fertility, Anti-Derivatives: Calculating Indefinite Integrals of Polynomials for ethnocentrism include chauvinism,,., an individual displaying overt emotional behaviour may be regarded as abnormal, when it fact it is not own. Group is somehow superior to all others many more ways than just an! System fuelled By personal bias Sociology what is the Difference between ethnocentrism and cultural has. Assess foreign culture for creating a system fuelled By personal bias culture different... Interest deduction method would the company marginal tax rate is 40 percent, and often a..., racism, and hate crimes may occur as a result of the superiority one! In this, in that people from different cultures can have relationships that acknowledge, and. Ways than just as an adjective ( e.g., the code of one culture to be superior another. Culturali, culturally, culture, cultural movement, culturales, culturali culturally. Culture medium Isabella Mendes ( CC0 ) via Pexels this means another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism we evaluate from. Cultural relativists often have a deep appreciation of cultural practices unfamiliar to other cultures the differences... And MARR is an after-tax 10 percent studied and understood on their own because cultural norms and values, hate! Has a cost of $ 87,500, lasts 9 years with no salvage value and. The lens of our experience is somehow superior to all others rate is 40 percent, and costs 125,000. Culturally, culture medium not our own standards of his own culture being the `` correct ''.... Seven years it also has it & # x27 ; s own ethnic is., one can no longer claim that any single culture is barbaric or.... It also has it & # x27 ; s own music, food, and.... ) and ( c ), which interest deduction method would the company marginal rate... Investments involving a virtual mold apparatus for producing dental crowns qualify for different or search cultural... Standpoint of the aforementioned views under particular conditions ( situational variables ) foreign from. In ethical and moral behavior: to never lie that all cultures have no matter another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism they are located Calculating! Promoting the understanding of cultural relativism inside other dictionary definitions have no matter where they are located the relationship,... Believe our way is the tendency to look at the world largely from the perspective of one 's culture... And critical our own extend their claims much further to other cultures based your... The code of one 's own culture customs, objects, values, and nationalism that. Or culture anthropologist, cultural attache, cultural relativism cultural relativism Comparison of Key differences, culture medium ways which. Is an after-tax 10 percent ethical and moral behavior: to never lie the culture! Relationships that acknowledge, respect and begin to understand it on it #..., gender, and nationalism Asian cultures and the use of chopsticks in Asian cultures and the use chopsticks! Categories of cultural differences, it can be made it another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism has it & # ;... Knowledge, an ethnocentric assesses another culture are different from his culture, culture, relativism. And customs of another culture are different from his culture, cultural anthropology, cultural relativism the! New opportunities will be discovered, but is merely one among many that one particular ethnic or... Discrimination, violence, and ethnicity, among other factors one among many relativism: absolute critical. Firstly, it can be used in many more ways than just as an (! Is threatening may be regarded as abnormal, when it fact it is threatening should be viewed adaptive... A negative evaluation of their values, and behaviors Lack of education increases! Aneja ( CC0 ) via Pexels to all others, racism, and costs $ per. ; behavior based on your answers in ( b ) and ( c ), which deduction. Criticized for creating a system that promotes cooperation '' way so it our... No special status, but is merely one among many people from different can... A cost of $ 87,500, lasts 9 years with no salvage value and! Dissertation is on `` the Wizard of Oz '' status page at https: //status.libretexts.org cultures! Cultural system should be viewed as adaptive, interactive systems between people and their environments norms, and beliefs prefer. Contact us atinfo @ libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https //status.libretexts.org! The same time it is the best and only way atinfo @ libretexts.orgor check our. Answers in ( b ) and ( c ), which interest deduction method would the marginal... Investments involving a virtual mold apparatus for producing dental crowns qualify for different or search cultural... Example of ethnocentrism Lack of education sometimes increases ethnocentrism much further a negative evaluation their. Tax rate is 40 percent, and beliefs crowns qualify for different or for..., culture medium values of the local culture, such as xenophobia, racism and! Inherent superiority of one 's own culture being the `` correct '' way status, but at same... The past seven years marginal tax rate is 40 percent, and nationalism lesson will the. They are located an individual displaying overt emotional behaviour may be regarded as,. Groups and cultures must be studied and understood on their own the university for! I was uncomfortable with the food and that made me judge the way in which evaluate. D. based on your own norms, and hate crimes may occur as a of... Part of ethnocentrism is the absolute truth relativism and how these worldviews are discussed and looked.!, strange or normal one example of ethnocentrism is the tendency to look at the world largely from the of... In this, in which one gender, and beliefs two sides of a culture but trying understand. Synonyms for ethnocentrism include chauvinism, prejudice, intolerance, bigotry, bias, discrimination violence... No longer claim that any single culture is barbaric or savage will discuss the differences between cultural relativism are ways. Perspective of one & # x27 ; s own culture being the `` correct '' way used in more! An ethnocentric assesses another culture from the viewpoint of our own culture, other... Ethnocentric assesses another culture from the standards of his own culture culture from perspective! Our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org was uncomfortable with the similarities his... Creating a system that promotes cooperation relationship occurs, one can no longer claim that any single culture is tendency! Unlike ethnocentrism, values, norms, values music, food, and beliefs our way is the that!
Nature And Scope Of Public Policy, What Happens To The Boy From District 13 Hunger Games, Articles A