.blue-well { color: #ffffff !important; There is a difference between causes of infant mortality and contributors to infant mortality. Women's status and disparities of wealth are also reflected in infant mortality rates. Today, sub-Saharan Africa alone accounts for almost 50 per cent of child mortality, although it constitutes only 11 per cent of the world population. } .card-body a { line-height: normal !important; /* ********* some padding for side bar items ********** */ } } All donations are tax deductible in full or in part. There are two targets: Target 3.2.1 is closely linked with target 3.1.1, to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 deaths per 100 000 live births, and target 2.2.1 on ending all forms of malnutrition, as malnutrition is a frequent cause of death for under-5 children. } -ms-box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23); right: 60%; } Leading causes of death in children under-5 years are preterm birth complications, birth asphyxia/trauma, pneumonia, congenital anomalies, diarrhoea and malaria, all of which can be prevented or treated with access to simple, affordable interventions including immunization, adequate nutrition, safe water and food and quality care by a trained health provider when needed. child mortality". .international-items { border-top: solid #eeeeee 5px; a.social-icon-android::after { He also served with the World Health Organization as Coordinator for southern Sudan and a medical officer for Somalia. Therefore, quality education for children, adolescents and youth must be the focus of our attention.Quality education means good teaching methods and learning materials provided to those who are sufficiently healthy to benefit from what is offered to them, in an environment that is conducive to learning. .country { /*padding: 35px 35px; } } width: 33%; There are several things pregnant women can do to help reduce the risk of certain birth defects, such as getting enough folic acid before and during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects. Births <500 g, deaths 7 days . position: absolute; padding: 1em 1em; ol.ol-decimal { MDG 4 cannot be achieved without reducing newborn mortality. content: ''; font-size: 1.75rem !important; .grey-well { font-size: 2rem; border:none; Thirty of these countries will need to double their current rate of reduction and 23 will need to triple their current rate of reduction. bottom: 100px; Cost and Cost-Effectiveness: The cost of delivering two rounds of vitamin A per year was approximately $1.25 per child covered. Half of all under-five deaths in 2019 occurred in just five countries: Nigeria, India, Pakistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Ethiopia. (2021 World Vision/photo by Sojoud Elgarrai). Injuries (including road traffic injuries and drowning) are the leading causes of death among older children. Even for mothers who give birth in a health facility, the majority of them are discharged soon after. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). font-weight: 700; Causes include infection, asphyxia, and preterm and low birth weight. } Child mortality is inextricably linked with maternal mortality. .horizontal-line-top-drk { .vertical-line-right { #memberStatesIndex { At the country level, mortality rates for older children ranged from 0.2 to 16.8 deaths per 1,000 children aged 5 years. height: 205px; } -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); border-bottom: 2px dashed #aaa; Gastrointestinal infections (diarrhea/vomiting). max-width: 70%; } The infant mortality rate is regarded as a highly sensitive measure of population health because there is an association between the causes of infant mortality and other factors that influence the status of whole populations such as economic development, general living conditions, social well-being, rates of illness, quality and access to medical } Instead of using our mental and physical energy picking up the slack for others, we need to use those moments to project our voices, asking those in positions of money and power what they are doing to fix the problem. In the last five years, nearly 20 countries in the region conducted emergency obstetric care (EmOC) assessments. } In South Darfur, Sudan, World Vision is providing nutritional care for children diagnosed with malnutrition. Newborns (under 28 days) accounted for the remaining 2.4 million deaths. The five leading causes of infant death in 2020 were: Birth defects. Half of all under-5 deaths in 2019 occurred in just 5 countries: Nigeria, India, Pakistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Ethiopia. A child or youth died once every 4.4 seconds in 2021 UN report, Why we need to focus on quality care for women and newborns, COVID-19 could reverse decades of progress toward eliminating preventable child deaths, agencies warn, Independent Oversight and Advisory Committee, Ending preventable child deaths from pneumonia and diarrhoea by 2025, Comprehensive implementation plan on maternal, infant and young child nutrition, Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 20162030, Children: improving survival and well-being. h1.header-entry-page { In the Democratic Republic of Congo, 170* out of 1000 children under the age of five died in 2010, a figure that ranks among the highest in the world and could be compared to Sweden where the figure was three out of 100. } } As for children under five, higher mortality countries are concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1960, Africa contributed to approximately 14 per cent of the global child mortality burden. border: 1px solid #e3e3e3; .horizontal-line-top { } Countries with the highest number of deaths for 5 to 9-year-olds include India, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan and China. height: 205px; /* -- end added by Tulin -- */ font-weight: 600; } In Africa, to make basic EmOC available requires political commitment and solid investment in the health system. } .onimage_title { list-style: circle !important; } vertical-align: middle; In fact, the number of children younger than 5 who die each year from preventable causes has decreased dramatically from 12.7 million in 1990 to 5.9 million in 2015. Since 1990, the global under-5 mortality rate has dropped by 59%, from 93 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 38 in 2019. } font-weight: 700; According to The Borgen Project, wherever child mortality rights are high, birthrates are high. A community newborn-care package -- including support for breastfeeding mothers, extra care for underweight babies, community-based management of pneumonia in neonates and treatment with oral antibiotic therapy -- is the most cost-effective intervention to reduce newborn mortality6.Recognizing the importance of the continuum of care, a recent publication, titled Opportunities for Africa's Newborns7, studied strengths, gaps and opportunities for integrating high-impact interventions for newborn mortality reduction with existing programmes at facility and community levels.Improving availability, use and quality of emergency obstetric and newborn care. /* ***** lists ul/ol ***** */ position: relative; 14 Why is infant mortality the most important indicator of community health? letter-spacing: normal; float: right !important; } padding: 10px; } background: rgba(77,77,77,0.9); content: ''; .section1 { font-family: 'Fontawesome'; } } .blue-well-nav-bar { padding-right: 6px; The SDG Goal 3.2.1 is to end preventable deaths of newborns and under-5 children by 2030. border-top: solid #aaa 1px; .blue-well ol, .blue-well ul { All donations are tax deductible in full or in part. .flag-container { box-shadow: 5px 5px 3px #f2f2f2; Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region with the highest under-5 mortality rate in the world, with 1 child in 13 dying before his or her fifth birthday, 20 years behind the world average which achieved a 1 in 13 rate in 1999. The data shows that progress is possible and that more can be achieved by scaling up programmes that deliver results, based on accurate information about what works. border-top: #00a1d9 solid 3px; } font-family: FontAwesome; display: block; } } } Nowadays, we live in a world with three times as many people as there were in the 1950s, when my parents were born. padding-top: 5px; padding: 2rem; The six most preventable causes of death for children younger than 5 are: Childhood malnutrition is an underlying cause of 45% of all deaths among children younger than 5, according to the WHO. box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); /* ******* phone ********** */ The leading causes of death in children under 5 years are preterm birth complications, birth asphyxia/trauma, pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria, all of which can be prevented or treated with access to affordable interventions in health and sanitation. width: 25% !important; .blue-well ol, .blue-well ul { In Malawi, the vast majority of health centres have enrolled or registered nurse-midwives. font-size: 1.2em; ol.ol-decimal li, ol.ol-lower-latin li { box-shadow: 5px 5px 3px #f2f2f2; } Malnutrition among children is a major problem in the DR Congo and nutrition, with distribution of peanut butter and milk to small children, is an important part of the health programme. -webkit-box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23); .horizontal-line-top-blue-arrow { Moving from business as usual to innovative, multiple, and tailored approaches to increase access, coverage, and quality of child health services will require strategic direction and an optimal mix of community and facility-based care. } margin-top: 1.0501050105rem; .text-tagline { But to reduce disparities, it's important to address social determinants of health that require more political solutions. .blue-well h3, .blue-well h4 { text-align: right; An early start is vital to providing children with good health habits, responsible behaviour patterns and improved self-esteem. 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